The vocabulary contains 1205 meaning-word pairs ("entries") corresponding to core LWT meanings from the recipient language Oroqen. The corresponding text chapter was published in the book Loanwords in the World's Languages. The language page Oroqen contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.
| Word form | LWT code | Meaning | Core list | Borrowed status | Source words |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Most of the Chinese loans entered Oroqen during the 20th century. Before the 1950s, hardly any Chinese resided in the regions where the Oroqen lived and hunted in the Greater and Lesser Mountain ranges. Therefore, the Chinese loans are assigned the age of 20th century. In fact, a handful of the borrowings are clearly very recent because they are terms used in Chinese only after 1949 when the Communists took over the government from the Nationalists. The Dagur loans were assigned the age of 20th century or earlier due to the fact that some of the borrowings may have entered Oroqen well before the 20th century since the two ethnic groups have coexisted in a mutually dependent relationship for centuries. Mongolic borrowings are also assigned the age of 20th century or earlier for a similar reason as that of the Dagur. The main difference is that the contact between the two groups was not as intense and persistent as the contact between the Oroqen and the Dagur. The loans from Russian are mostly given the age of 20th century or earlier because their contact goes far into their history from before their migration into China. Some of the Russian loans are clearly 20th century since they encode 20th century phenomena. |
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| Reference | Ci Hai Bian Ji Weiyuanhui [Encyclopedic Dictionary Compilation Committee]. 1979. Ci Hai [Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ci Shu Chu Ban She [Shanghai Dictionaries Press]. Dao Bu. 1983. Meng Gu Yu Jianzhi [A Grammatical Sketch of Khalkha Mongolian]. Min Zhu Chubanshe [Beijing: Nationalities Press]. Han, Y.F. and S. Meng. 1993. Elunchun Yu Han Yu Duizhao Duben [An Oroqen-Chinese Reader]. Beijing: Zhongyang Minzu Xueyuan Chubanshe [Central Institute of Nationalities Press]. Hu, Zengyi. 1986. Elunchun Yu Jianzhi [A Grammatical Sketch of Oroqen]. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe [Beijing: Nationalities Press]. _____. 1994. Xin Man-Han Da Cidian [New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Xinjiang Renmin Chubanshe [Xinjiang People’s Publishing House]. _____. 2001. Elunchun Yu Yanju [A Study of Oroqen]. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe [Beijing: Nationalities Press.] Starostin, Sergei, Anna Bybo, and Oleg Mudrak. 2003. Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Boston: Brill. Zhong, Suchun. 1982. Dagur Yu Jianzhi [A Grammatical Sketch of Dagur]. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe [Beijing: Nationalities Press]. |